Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: NDM-5-carried outer membrane vesicles impair the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial infections

doi: 10.1128/aac.01805-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: N-OMVs enhance the resistance of E. coli to MEM. ( A ) Heatmap illustrating the protective effect of N-OMVs on E. coli . Each row represents the incubation time (0, 8, 16, 24, and 36 h). Column 1: E. coli . Columns 2–8: E. coli in MEM environment treated with varying concentrations of OMVs. Column 9: E. coli co-incubated with MEM. Column 10: E. coli treated with 100 µg/mL A-OMVs and MEM. Column 11: N-OMVs. Column 12: A-OMVs. ( B ) A-OMVs did not exhibit a protective effect on E. coli . Darker colors indicate higher bacterial concentrations. Data are represented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by an unpaired two-tailed t- test. *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the ability of NDM-5-expressing E. coli -derived N-OMVs to protect E. coli ATCC 25922 against MEM killing, MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) experiments were conducted.

Techniques: Incubation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: NDM-5-carried outer membrane vesicles impair the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial infections

doi: 10.1128/aac.01805-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: N-OMVs invalidate MEM in G. mellonella to promote E. coli infection. ( A ) Illustration of the G. mellonella infection model. The bacteria and N-OMVs were injected into the left last ventral foot of the larvae (300 ± 50 mg), and MEM was injected into the opposite side 1 h later. Larvae survival rates ( n = 15) were recorded over 48 h. ( B ) Determination of the lethal dose of E. coli ATCC 25922 in G. mellonella . Larvae were injected with E. coli at 10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 8 CFU/mL, with the dose resulting in 80% mortality within 48 h selected for experiments. ( C ) Concentration screening of MEM. MEM at low dose (L-MEM, 5 mg/kg), medium dose (M-MEM, 10 mg/kg), and high dose (H-MEM, 15 mg/kg) were set to screen the drug dosage for the treatment group ( n = 15). ( D ) OMVs reduced the efficacy of MEM against E. coli . Larvae survival rates at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post-injection were monitored to assess the protective effect of N-OMVs on E. coli in vivo ( n = 15). Statistical significance was determined by the Kaplan-Meier test. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the ability of NDM-5-expressing E. coli -derived N-OMVs to protect E. coli ATCC 25922 against MEM killing, MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) experiments were conducted.

Techniques: Infection, Bacteria, Injection, Concentration Assay, In Vivo